Symptoms of motion sickness include looking pale, nausea, vomiting and in extreme cases, even fainting.
Stress can lead to several damaging effects on the human body. Many of these effects are acutely felt by the sufferer, but many more go ‘unseen’, one of which is shortening of telomere length.
Telomeres are protective caps on the ends of chromosomes and are indicators of aging, as they
naturally shorten over time. However, telomeres are also highly susceptible to stress and depression, both of which have repeatedly been linked with premature telomere shortening.
The human stress response is regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, or HPA axis. This axis controls the body’s levels of cortisol, the primary stress hormone, and it generally does not function normally in individuals with depression- and stress-related illnesses.
Scientists of the new study sought to bring all this prior work together by studying the relationships between telomere length, stress, and depression.
They did so by measuring telomere length in patients with major depressive disorder and in healthy individuals. They also measured stress, both biologically, by measuring cortisol levels, and subjectively, through a questionnaire.
They found that telomere length was shorter in the depressed patients, which confirmed prior findings. Importantly, they also discovered that shorter telomere length was associated with a low cortisol state in both the depressed and healthy groups.
“Our findings suggest that stress plays an important role in depression, as telomere length was especially shortened in patients exhibiting an overly sensitive HPA axis,” first author Dr. Mikael Wikgren further explained.
“This HPA axis response is something which has been linked to chronic stress and with poor ability to cope with stress.
“The link between stress and telomere shortening is growing stronger. The current findings suggest that cortisol levels may be a contributor to this process, but it is not yet clear whether telomere length has significance beyond that of a biomarker,” added Dr. John Krystal, editor of the journal.
The study has been published in Biological Psychiatry.