But lawyer Christopher Bass said Friday that the examining magistrate had dismissed the charges following "inconsistencies and contradictions" in the plaintiff's case.
The accuser now has 10 days in which to appeal the magistrate's ruling. Her lawyer Emmanuel Molina said a decision on whether to appeal would be taken after examining the reasons behind the ruling.
The alleged incident occurred when Brandao was playing for Marseille, whom he joined from Shakhtar Donetsk in January 2009. He was later loaned to Brazilian clubs Cruzeiro and Gremio in a bid to avoid media scrutiny.
The striker returned to Marseille in January this year but last month signed a two-year deal with Ligue 1 rivals St Etienne.