According to statue.com, The Thinker was part of a commission by the Museum of Decorative Arts in Paris to sculpt a monumental door based on The Divine Comedy of Dante. The statue was initially named The Poet and was intended to represent Dante himself at the top of the door reflecting on the scene below.
Auguste Rodin, known as the progenitor of modern sculpture, was born on November 12, 1840. He was, however, never accepted into Paris's foremost school of art.