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In July this year, Prime Minister Manmohan Singh made a hurried two-day
visit to Vidarbha.
Reason: many farmers in the Vidarbha region of Maharashtra had
committed suicide. It was to be a frantic call. A news item that
seem to be making the rounds of newspapers and television studios
every no and then, was barking back at the apathetic nation.
Not that we didn't care for the poor farmer but the gravity of
the situation was to collectively hit us like a bolt from the blue.
A worried prime minister announced a Rs 37.5 billion ($835 million)
relief package that included debt relief but clearly it was too
little too late.
That India farmers had been committing suicide in the hinterland
of India was vaguely known - Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Kerala
and parts of Karnataka were worst sufferers. That it had something
to do with Bt cotton was known. Vaguely one wondered why Indian
government could not protect the interest of its farmers.
But 2006 saw nearly 1,000 farmers committing suicide in the Vidarbha
alone - large number by any stretch of imagination. What had compelled
the Indian farmer to just desperate measures?
Experts opined that farmers were feeling the pinch of unfair trade
practices under the WTO regime that protected the Western, say the
American farmer. They said farmers were caught in the vicious cycle
of debt traps and low prices.
They further added that Bt cotton was the main culprit. That Monsanto,
the manufacture of Bt Cotton, said it was resistant to boll weevil
- the main cotton pest. It has mentioned that the crop thus produced
would require just two sprays of insecticide for every crop, instead
of the eight.
It sold for about four and a half times the cost of normal seed,
but many farmers opted to buy it because they believed it was indestructible
and would give a higher yield. They were devastated when many of
the Bt cotton plants were afflicted with a reddening that destroyed
much of the crop leaving the farmers with unusually high debts.
The Indian government on its part had withdrawn market controls,
tariffs and subsidies for agriculture under the directions of the
World Bank while thus promoting multinationals such as Monsanto.
No proper infrastructure such as irrigation and marketing facilities
was provided to the farmers.
Contrast this with the huge subsidies the US government gives to
its farmers. The farm bills in the US runs into billions of dollars.
By allowing multinationals into the farm sector in India, our government
had forced the Indian farmer to compete with the American farmer,
they said.
Away from the comforts of middle class India, the other India was
bleeding. As if poverty, backwardness and illiteracy weren't enough,
the Indian farmer had to now fear an unknown entity - international
market norms.
Would he ever be able to break of jinx of debts? Would he ever
be able to reap the benefits of favourable prices? God alone knew.
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