Deadly diet: Thailand’s doctors fight cancer-causing fish dish | World News - Hindustan Times
close_game
close_game

Deadly diet: Thailand’s doctors fight cancer-causing fish dish

Kalasin, Thailand | ByAgence France-Presse
Jun 28, 2017 01:21 PM IST

Doctors in Thailand have launched a campaign to alert villagers that a cheap and tasty dish made of raw fish contains parasites that can cause lethal liver cancer that kills 20,000 annually.

It wasn’t until he got to medical school that Narong Khuntikeo finally discovered what caused the liver cancer that took both of his parents’ lives: their lunch.

A farmer chops fresh fish for lunch in the northeastern Thai province of Khon Kaen. Millions of Thais across the rural northeast regularly eat koi pla -- a dish made of raw fish ground with spices and lime. The pungent meal is quick, cheap and tasty but it is also a favourite feast for parasites that cause a lethal liver cancer killing up to 20,000 Thais annually.(AFP)
A farmer chops fresh fish for lunch in the northeastern Thai province of Khon Kaen. Millions of Thais across the rural northeast regularly eat koi pla -- a dish made of raw fish ground with spices and lime. The pungent meal is quick, cheap and tasty but it is also a favourite feast for parasites that cause a lethal liver cancer killing up to 20,000 Thais annually.(AFP)

Like millions of Thais across the rural northeast, his family regularly ate koi pla – a local dish made of raw fish ground with spices and lime.

Hindustan Times - your fastest source for breaking news! Read now.

The pungent meal is quick, cheap and tasty, but the fish is also a favourite feast for parasites that can cause a lethal liver cancer killing up to 20,000 Thais annually.

Most hail from the northeast, a large, poor region known as Isaan that has dined on koi pla for generations and now has the highest reported instance of the Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) – bile duct cancer – in the world.

Fresh fish caught from a lotus lake are kept in a bucket in the northeastern Thai province of Khon Kaen. (AFP)
Fresh fish caught from a lotus lake are kept in a bucket in the northeastern Thai province of Khon Kaen. (AFP)

One of the major causes of CCA is a parasitic flatworm – or fluke – which is native to the Mekong region and found in many freshwater fish. Once eaten, the worms can embed undetected in bile ducts for years causing inflammation that can, over time, trigger the aggressive cancer, according to the World Health Organization.

“It’s a very big health burden around here...it affects families, education and socioeconomic development,” said Narong, who went on to become a liver surgeon to battle the scourge.

“But nobody knows about this because they die quietly, like leaves falling from a tree.”

After seeing hundreds of hopeless late-stage cases on the operating table, Narong is now marshalling scientists, doctors and anthropologists to attack the “silent killer” at source.

They are fanning out across Isaan provinces to screen villagers for the liver fluke and warn them of the perils of koi pla and other risky fermented fish dishes.

But changing eating habits is no easy task in a region where love for Isaan’s famously chili-laden cuisine runs deep.

Life-cycle of a liver fluke parasite that affects many people in northeastern Thailand where minced, raw freshwater fish is a popular local dish. (AFP)
Life-cycle of a liver fluke parasite that affects many people in northeastern Thailand where minced, raw freshwater fish is a popular local dish. (AFP)

Karma and convenience

Many villagers are shocked to hear that a beloved dish passed down for generations is a danger rather than a comfort. Others are wedded to the convenience of a thrifty lunch they can whip up using fish caught in the ponds that border their rice paddies.

“I used to come here and just catch the fish in the pond...it’s so easy to eat raw,” said Boonliang Konghakot, a farmer from Khon Kaen province, licking his lips as he sprinkled seasonings into a bowl of the finely chopped fish’s pink flesh.

Farmers fishing in a lotus lake in the northeastern Thai province of Khon Kaen. (AFP)
Farmers fishing in a lotus lake in the northeastern Thai province of Khon Kaen. (AFP)

Since learning of the cancer link he has started frying the mixture to kill off the parasite – a method doctors recommend.

Yet not everyone is as easily swayed, according to Narong and his team. Many villagers complain that cooking the dish gives it a sour taste.

Others simply shrug off the dangers and say their fate has already been fixed – a common belief in the Buddhist nation where karma can dictate decisions.

“They’ll say: ‘Oh well, there are many ways to die,’” lamented Narong. “But I cannot accept this answer.”

Catch it early

When it comes to changing eating habits, health officials are pinning their hopes on the next generation, targeting children with a new school curriculum that use cartoons to teach the risks of eating raw.

For the elderly, the target is to catch infections before it’s too late.

Narong and his team have developed urine tests to detect the presence of the parasite, which has infected up to 80% of some Isaan communities.

They have also spent the past four years trucking ultrasound machines around the region to examine the livers of villagers who live far from public hospitals.

A man gets an ultrasound during a CASCAP (Cholangiocarcinoma Screening and Care Program) event in the northeastern Thai province of Kalasin. (AFP)
A man gets an ultrasound during a CASCAP (Cholangiocarcinoma Screening and Care Program) event in the northeastern Thai province of Kalasin. (AFP)

The initiative, called CASCAP (Cholangiocarcinoma Screening and Care Program), started as research at Khon Kaen University but received full government backing last year – putting it on Thailand’s national agenda.

“I’ve never been checked before, so I think I will probably have it because I’ve been eating (koi pla) since I was little,” said 48-year-old Thanin Wongseeda, one of 500 villagers lining up for a recent screening in Kalasin province.

The group ticked off a series of high-risk factors: they were over the age of 40, had a history of eating raw fish and had family members with the cancer. A third of them showed abnormal liver symptoms and four were suspected to have cancer.

Thanin was one of the lucky ones, emerging from his ultrasound with a look of relief.

“I don’t think I will eat (koi pla) raw anymore,” he told AFP with resolve.

As for his neighbours? “They will not quit it easily.”

Unlock a world of Benefits with HT! From insightful newsletters to real-time news alerts and a personalized news feed – it's all here, just a click away! - Login Now!

Get Latest World News along with Latest News from India at Hindustan Times.
SHARE THIS ARTICLE ON
Share this article
SHARE
Story Saved
Live Score
OPEN APP
Saved Articles
Following
My Reads
Sign out
New Delhi 0C
Tuesday, March 19, 2024
Start 14 Days Free Trial Subscribe Now
Follow Us On