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Diabetes is the number one cause for kidney failure, says a study published in the journal Lancet. Another study—conducted in Mumbai—confirms the same.

Uncontrolled diabetes results in an increase of the blood sugar level. This, in turn, interferes with filtration functions in the glomeruli of our kidneys. Over a period of time, the basement membrane is also damaged. Hence, small amounts of protein (albumin) appear in the urine. If albumin is detected in your urine test, then it means that your kidneys are damaged.

All diabetics do not develop kidney diseases. The risk factors include genetics, smoking, high blood sugar, and high blood pressure. Replacing red meat with chicken in the usual diet helps reduce albumin excretion in urine by 46%. It also helps reduce the levels of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and apolipoprotein B in patients having microscopic albumin excretion.

Diabetics must maintain a diet that includes carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. They must avoid the intake of the following foods:

1. Table sugar, honey, molasses and syrup
2. Regular soft drinks, fruit drinks (canned or concentrated)
3. Milkshakes, chocolate milk, hot cocoa mix
4. Canned fruits with heavy syrup

Diabetics can stay healthy by following these measures:

1. Exercising regularly
2. Taking medicines as directed.
3. Keeping a check on the blood glucose level regularly.
4. Keeping the blood pressure level under 140 / 80.
5. Maintaining a normal level of blood fats (cholesterol and other blood fats). The recommended target for total cholesterol is under 200, LDL under 100, HDL above 40 (men) and 50 (women), and triglycerides under 150.
6. Quitting smoking
7. Avoiding alcohol.
8. Checking their feet and skin daily.
9. Brushing and flossing their teeth daily.