Once belonging to the rulers of Mauryan, Shunga, Kushana and Gupta period, the ancient Pratisthana has lost its identity to the modernity of Jhunsi.
The only evidence related to this historical fact is still visible in the shape of high mounds in Jhunsi. Surprisingly, these high mounds have further added to the significance of the city as the articles excavated from here belong to the sixth century BC and antiquities belonging to five cultural phases ranging from chalcolithic to early medieval period have been found here.
Dr DP Dubey of Ancient History Department, Allahabad University writes in his book titled 'Prayag: The site of Kumbh Mela' that the earliest culture represented at the site is marked by the pre-NBP ware deposit. Early layer of this deposit has yielded iron objects. Some pottery items and antiquities are similar to those found at different chalcolithic sites in UP, Bihar and Northern Vindhyas.
From the pre-NBP Ware period to the Gupta period there had been continuous settlement at the site. However, there appears to be a cultural gap between the end of Gupta period and the beginning of early medieval period. "There is every likelihood that the site may show up no gap at all when excavated extensively. This possibility is based on the strategic location of the site itself which, by virtue of the same reason, would have never been abandoned after having been once occupied. Obviously, the area that has so far been excavated provides nothing but a hint that there is a lot left to be found," said Dr Dubey.
The ruins of ancient Pratishthana which are represented by the high mounds of Jhunsi on the eastern bank of Ganga are spread over an area of about four square miles.
{{/usCountry}}The ruins of ancient Pratishthana which are represented by the high mounds of Jhunsi on the eastern bank of Ganga are spread over an area of about four square miles.
{{/usCountry}}According to Dr Dubey, Pratishthana was the most important locality of Prayag and it was founded by king Ila and was the capital of Pururavas and other kings of Lunar dynasty.
Kalidasa too mentions about Pratishthana in his drama Vikramorvasiyam. He has given an imaginary account of this palace of Pururavas which was magnificent. Various myths are also associated with this site.
An inscription of Trilochanapala, the Pratihara king, was discovered from the site in 1830.
In his book, VN Pandey mentions that the naming of Jhunsi too has a legend associated with it. It was once ruled by Harbonga, an imbecile and foolish king in whose reign chaos prevailed everywhere. When the cup of his inequity was full there was a upheaval on the earth and the capital Pratishthana was turned upside down hence now known as 'Ulta Quila'.
There was conflagration which completed the destruction of the city and the ruins went by the name of Jhunsi, a burnt town from the Hindi root 'jhulasna'.
It is also said that the town was destroyed in an earthquake in CE 1359 as a result of the invocations of saint Ali Murtaza.
"These traditions and the etymological meaning of the name Jhunsi possibly indicate to the destruction and burning of the site by the Muslim invaders in the 13th century CE. The traditions relating to the scattering of Brahmana and Kshatriya clans abandoning their homes in Jhunsi and emigrating to distant places during the medieval period lend colour to this theory," added Dr Dubey.
There is also the historical and sacred Samudrakoop here which has its own story. "It is known as Samudrakoop since it belongs to the period of Samudragupta. In fact five such wells are found in Ujjain, Mathura, Prayag, Varanasi and Patalpur. It was dumped with garbage once but the efforts of a sage Dayaram brought its historical importance to limelight," said Dr Dubey.
Amit Mishra and Pankaj Verma, the students doing research on lost heritage of Allahabad under Indian National Trust for Art and Cultural Heritage (INTACH) said that the site is slowly losing its identity on account of continuous erosion of Ganga river. "The high mound, which belong to Kushana period, has few bricks exposed right now," added Amit.
Comprehensive and careful explorations and excavations of the mounds of Jhunsi are urgently needed for filling the gaps in our knowledge regarding various phases of its history and also for unveiling the glorious past of Prayag, concluded Dr Dubey.