Nephrologist explains the silent threat of diabetes and steps to maintain kidney health

Diabetes can cause kidney damage without pain or external symptoms until it is in the advanced stages, cautions Dr Navinath Mohan.

Diabetes is a silent architect of chronic illness, believes Dr Navinath Mohan, senior consultant nephrologist and renal transplant physician at AINU, Chennai. In its early stages, elevated blood glucose causes no outward pain or distress. However, microvascular damage progresses silently.

Interacting with HT Lifestyle on World Diabetes Day, which is observed every year on November 14, Dr Mohan shared that by the time noticeable symptoms like pedal oedema, foamy urine, or declining appetite appear, diabetic kidney disease (diabetic nephropathy) is often in its advanced stage.

Effect and detection of diabetic kidney disease

Dr Mohan explained that the kidneys contain millions of microscopic capillary filters called nephrons.

“Chronic hyperglycemia stiffens and scars these delicate structures, while coexisting hypertension accelerates the loss of functional tissue,” he stated.

Fortunately, the nephrologist pointed out that this outcome is neither inevitable nor irreversible if detected early. Simple, inexpensive screening tests conducted at least once a year in the early stages of diabetes can reveal kidney stress long before symptoms surface.

By the time symptoms of diabetic kidney disorder appear, it is usually in the advanced stage.

Such tests include:

• Urine Albumin-to-Creatinine Ratio (uACR): Detects minute amounts of protein leaking into the urine (microalbuminuria), signalling kidney distress at a reversible stage.
• Serum Creatinine and estimated GFR (eGFR): Evaluates how effectively your kidneys clear metabolic waste from the bloodstream.

Lifestyle habits to keep the kidneys safe

In the words of Dr Mohan, “Medical therapy, however, must be paired with daily lifestyle stewardship to maintain kidney health.” Some of the healthy habits that he encouraged include:

Dietary moderation: Limit excess dietary sodium to lower intraglomerular pressure, choose balanced plant-forward meals, and consult a renal dietitian before adopting protein-heavy diets.

Physical activity: Dedicate 150 minutes weekly to moderate aerobic exercise such as brisk walking or swimming to enhance insulin sensitivity and preserve vascular tone.

Weight reduction: Obesity can worsen renal dysfunction, and it’s important to maintain a normal BMI to prevent further worsening of chronic kidney disease.

Avoid self-medication: Over-the-counter painkillers (NSAIDs) and unverified remedies can trigger acute kidney injury superimposed on chronic disease.

Note to readers: This article is for informational purposes only and not a substitute for professional medical advice. Always seek the advice of your doctor with any questions about a medical condition.