AlphaZero is a sign machines will achieve human levels of intelligence sooner than we think

There are still a lot of questions, remaining ethical ones, that remain unanswered about AI, and the march of programmes such as AlphaZero is perhaps a cue for humankind to get down to answering them quickly.

In 2005, Ray Kurzweil wrote his seminal book, ‘The Singularity is Near’. Singularity was the term he used to describe humanity combining with Artificial Intelligence (AI) to multiply its own intelligence “billion-fold”. The term was first used by John von Neumann (yes, the von Neumann) to describe tremendous change caused by technological process. Mr Kurzweil has always maintained that we will achieve singularity by 2045.

AlphaZero computer programme takes just four hours to learn all chess rules and then defeat the world’s strongest open-source chess engine ((Shutterstock))

There’s another important milestone Mr Kurzweil often talks about. That’s the ability of an AI programme to achieve human levels of intelligence (as measured by the Turing test). Mr Kurzweil’s sense is that this will happen by 2029. The Turing test is conversation-based, and involves the ability of a machine to think and speak like a human.

While 2029 is still some years away, the ability of machines to out-think and outsmart humans in some areas was once again demonstrated this week. On December 5, researchers at Deep Mind, a company now owned by Google’s parent Alphabet Inc, released a paper about AlphaZero, an AI programme, which learnt all there is to chess in four hours and then wiped the floor with the world’s most powerful open-source chess engine. Repeatedly.

There are still a lot of questions, mainly ethical ones, that remain unanswered about AI, and the march of programmes such as AlphaZero is perhaps a cue for humankind to get down to answering them quickly.