Footage circulating on September 21 appeared to show a Russian Pantsir air-defence system positioned on an elevated Moscow Ring Road ramp near Gazprom Neft’s Moscow refinery in Kapotnya. The deployment followed Ukraine’s September 20 drone strike, which damaged the site and, according to three industry sources cited by Reuters, forced the refinery to halt crude processing after both primary distillation units caught fire. Repairs could reportedly take several weeks, underlining the growing vulnerability of Russian energy infrastructure to long-range Ukrainian strikes.
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