What is HMPV virus and what are its symptoms? Details here

HMPV virus symptoms: It can lead to mild flu-like symptoms but poses greater risks to children and the elderly, prompting health officials to advise caution.

Updated on: Jan 7, 2025, 04:04:14 IST

By HT News Desk

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HMPV Virus Symptoms: Two infants in Bengaluru have contracted Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV), the union health ministry confirmed on Monday. A child has only been detected with the HMPV virus in Gujarat, bringing the tally of cases in India to 3.

HMPV is a respiratory virus that typically causes mild to moderate flu-like symptoms. (Representational)

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A three-month-old female was diagnosed with HMPV after being admitted to Baptist Hospital in Bengaluru. She has since been discharged, according to the ministry.

Another eight-month-old male, tested positive for HMPV on January 3 following admission to Baptist Hospital. He is currently in recovery.

Both infants had a history of bronchopneumonia.

What is HMPV Virus?

The human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is a common respiratory virus that typically causes mild cold-like symptoms. Studies show it has circulated in human populations since the 1970s, though it was first identified by scientists in 2001. The virus accounts for 4-16% of acute respiratory infections globally, with cases usually peaking between November and May. While most adults have developed immunity through previous exposure, hMPV can cause more severe symptoms in infants encountering it for the first time and in people with weakened immune systems.

Though HMPV shares similarities with other respiratory viruses like RSV (Respiratory Syncytial Virus), measles, and mumps, it does not have a vaccine, and no antiviral treatments are available. Most people recover with rest and hydration, but in severe cases, hospitalization and supportive treatments like oxygen therapy may be necessary.

HMPV Virus symptoms

Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) infections typically present with mild symptoms, including:

Cough
Runny nose or nasal congestion
Sore throat
Fever

However, in some cases, HMPV can lead to more severe illness, characterized by:

Wheezing
Difficulty breathing
Hoarseness
Pneumonia
Aggravation of asthma in adults

In children younger than 1 year of age, the elderly and persons who have weak immune systems, hMPV can cause more serious respiratory illness.

Who is at risk?

While anyone can contract HMPV, the virus is most concerning for young children, the elderly, and individuals with compromised immune systems. Children under the age of five are particularly vulnerable, with about 5-16% of cases potentially progressing to lower respiratory tract infections like pneumonia. Elderly individuals and those with underlying health conditions may experience more severe symptoms as well.

Health experts have advised that while there is no immediate cause for panic, individuals at higher risk of complications should take precautions to avoid exposure to the virus, particularly during the peak winter and spring months.

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HT News Desk
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