Russian President Vladimir Putin recently hosted Kazakh President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev in Moscow, where both leaders discussed expanding gas cooperation and addressed the impact of newly imposed U.S. sanctions targeting Russian oil exports. Kazakhstan, a major oil exporter whose crude often travels through Russian pipelines and ports, has faced significant logistical disruptions as Moscow enforces stricter port regulations, though Kazakh oil itself is not directly subject to Western sanctions.
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